Versioned and citable
Every report has a version, a DOI-ready citation, machine-readable metadata and a changelog. Older versions stay online at their own address.
Centre for Sustainable Development Reform
Evidence you can cite. Accounts you can audit.
Accounts, evidence and reform pathways for oceans, land and the economy. Reports here are versioned, carry their own citation, and link to the data behind every figure.
View data
| year | Annual mean CO₂ (ppm) (ppm) |
|---|---|
| 1959 | 315.98 |
| 1960 | 316.91 |
| 1961 | 317.64 |
| 1962 | 318.45 |
| 1963 | 318.99 |
| 1964 | 319.62 |
| 1965 | 320.04 |
| 1966 | 321.37 |
| 1967 | 322.18 |
| 1968 | 323.05 |
| 1969 | 324.62 |
| 1970 | 325.68 |
| 1971 | 326.32 |
| 1972 | 327.46 |
| 1973 | 329.68 |
| 1974 | 330.19 |
| 1975 | 331.13 |
| 1976 | 332.03 |
| 1977 | 333.84 |
| 1978 | 335.41 |
| 1979 | 336.84 |
| 1980 | 338.76 |
| 1981 | 340.12 |
| 1982 | 341.48 |
| 1983 | 343.15 |
| 1984 | 344.87 |
| 1985 | 346.35 |
| 1986 | 347.61 |
| 1987 | 349.31 |
| 1988 | 351.69 |
| 1989 | 353.2 |
| 1990 | 354.45 |
| 1991 | 355.7 |
| 1992 | 356.54 |
| 1993 | 357.21 |
| 1994 | 358.96 |
| 1995 | 360.97 |
| 1996 | 362.74 |
| 1997 | 363.88 |
| 1998 | 366.84 |
| 1999 | 368.54 |
| 2000 | 369.71 |
| 2001 | 371.32 |
| 2002 | 373.45 |
| 2003 | 375.98 |
| 2004 | 377.7 |
| 2005 | 379.98 |
| 2006 | 382.09 |
| 2007 | 384.02 |
| 2008 | 385.83 |
| 2009 | 387.64 |
| 2010 | 390.1 |
| 2011 | 391.85 |
| 2012 | 394.06 |
| 2013 | 396.74 |
| 2014 | 398.81 |
| 2015 | 401.01 |
| 2016 | 404.41 |
| 2017 | 406.76 |
| 2018 | 408.72 |
| 2019 | 411.65 |
| 2020 | 414.21 |
| 2021 | 416.41 |
| 2022 | 418.53 |
| 2023 | 421.08 |
| 2024 | 424.61 |
| 2025 | 427.35 |
Latest publications
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How a sixty-year atmospheric series is published, versioned and cited — and what environmental-economic accounts can borrow from it
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A reference analysis of the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory record, 1958–2026 — the scaffold's demonstration report
How CSDR publishes
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