Data

Data bundles

Each bundle is a directory with a manifest — id, version, schema, provenance, licence, checksums — and the files. Reports read them at build time; you can download them here.

Atmospheric CO₂ at Mauna Loa Observatory (NOAA GML)

Monthly and annual mean atmospheric carbon dioxide (dry air mole fraction, ppm) measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, by NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, with Scripps Institution of Oceanography data for March 1958 – April 1974. Included as the reference data bundle for the CSDR scaffold: real, public, well-provenanced.

Data bundle · noaa-mlo-co2 · v2026.08

Atmospheric CO₂ at Mauna Loa Observatory (NOAA GML)

co2_mm_mlo.csv CSV · 39 KB — Monthly mean CO₂ at Mauna Loa (ppm), March 1958 – present; interpolated months flagged by negative sdev/unc
co2_mm_mlo.parquet PARQUET · 21 KB — Same monthly series as Parquet (columns: year, month, decimal_date, average, deseasonalized, ndays, sdev, unc)
co2_annmean_mlo.csv CSV · 3 KB — Annual mean CO₂ (ppm) with uncertainty, 1959 – present
co2_gr_mlo.csv CSV · 3 KB — Annual mean growth rate (ppm/yr) with uncertainty, 1959 – present

Licence: Public domain (US Government work) — NOAA GML asks for citation · Provenance: Downloaded from https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html on 2026-08-17 (file creation 2026-08-05); unmodified except a Parquet copy of the monthly file with the "decimal date" column renamed decimal_date. · Updated 2026-08-05

Cite as: Lan, X., Tans, P. and K.W. Thoning: Trends in globally-averaged CO2 determined from NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory measurements. https://doi.org/10.15138/9N0H-ZH07 (accessed 2026-08-17). Keeling, C.D. et al. (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) for 1958–1974 data.